Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among public servants in Ejisu-Juaben municipality, Ghana.

OBJECTIVES: We determined the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among public servants of Ejisu Juaben municipality. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of hypertension was 29.3% (95%CI:22.5-36.1%) and only 8.6% of the participants were aware of their hypertensive status. Respondents who were > 40 years were twice as likely to develop hypertension compared to those who were ≤ 40 years [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-5.32]. Those who were married were 2.54 times more likely to be hypertensive compared with those unmarried [AOR = 2.54, 95%CI: 1.06-6.08]. Compared to health workers, Judicial and Security service workers were almost five times more likely to be hypertensive [AOR = 4.77, 95%CI: 1.20-18.96]. Being overweight [AOR = 2.25, 95%CI: 1.06-6.41] and obese [AOR = 4.80, 95%CI: 1.82-12.91] was associated with increased odds of hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension among the participants in this study is high. Employee wellness programs are needed at workplaces and the Ghana Health Service must adopt targeted intervention programs such as regular screening for non-communicable diseases and promotion of physical activities at the workplace.

Vaccine hesitancy and respect for public health measures: Citizens' trust in politicians and public servants across national, subnational and municipal levels of government.

Research shows that citizens' trust in government is associated with lower vaccine hesitancy and an increased willingness to follow public health measures. Thus far, however, the population health literature has largely conceptualized "government" as a unitary actor. This article furthers our understanding of this relationship by examining two important features of modern governance that have largely gone unexamined: (1) that governing involves popularly elected politicians and appointed bureaucrats; and (2), that governing often comprises many levels of government within the same country. Analyzing survey data from Canada with various multivariate regression models, this article finds that the relationship political trust has with vaccine hesitancy and intention to follow for public health measures is more complex than presently recognized. Specifically, a larger change in citizens' public health behaviors is associated with trust in public health officials than with trust in government, and of particular importance is trust in national public health authorities, despite the fact that public health measures in Canada are largely the jurisdiction of subnational governments. The implications of these findings for population health research and policymakers are discussed.

Ten-year trends in long-term sickness absence among Japanese public servants: 2009-2018.

Sickness absences are a significant public health and economic problem worldwide. However, sickness absence diagnoses and trends have not been reported in much detail in Japan. This study was a retrospective cohort study. We examined data on certified diagnoses and the durations of sickness absence lasting over 90 days (long-term sickness absence) from 2009-2018 among city public servants in Japan. We found that 1) "Mental and behavioral disorders" (495.0-780.6 per 100,000 employees) was the most prevalent reason for long-term sickness absence, and "Mood disorders" (318.6-584.3 per 100,000 employees) was the most prevalent mental disorders diagnosis in each study year; 2) the prevalence of long-term sickness absence for mental disorders showed decreasing trends (781/100,000 in 2009 to 622/100,000 in 2018; [p=0.005, for the trend test]); 3) the trends differed by gender (p<0.05) and age (p<0.001); and 4) the duration of long-term sickness absence related to mental disorders (13.2 ± 9.0 months) was longer than long-term sickness absence resulting from all physical disorders except for diseases of the circulatory system (15.1 ± 11.6 months). Increased focus on significant depressive and neurotic disorders is needed when promoting mental health in the workplace.

Undernutrition and associated factors among elderly people served in Public Servants Social Security Agency in Harar, Eastern Ethiopia.

Objective: Undernutrition in the elderly has adverse effects on physiological functions and various clinical outcomes. In Ethiopia, similar to many developing countries, there is a dearth of epidemiological data on the nutritional status of the elderly. This study aimed to assess the magnitude of undernutrition and associated factors among the elderly population enrolled in the Public Servants Social Security Agency in Harar, eastern Ethiopia. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 337 elderly adults from June to August 2020. The Mini Nutritional Assessment Tool Short Form assessed the nutritional status of the elderly. Data were entered in Epi Data software version 3.1 and transferred to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Ordinal logistic regression assessed factors associated with undernutrition, using variables with a p value less than 0.05 as statistically significant. Result: The magnitude of undernutrition was 16.6% and 45.1% were at risk of undernutrition. Being unable to read and write (odds ratio (OR) = 3.64; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.98-6.72), elderly with morbidities (OR = 2.05; 95% CI, 1.15-3.64), low dietary diversity score (OR = 3.52; 95% CI, 1.63-7.60), and elderly who were food insecure (OR = 0.59; 95% CI, 0.37-0.95) were significantly associated with undernutrition. Conclusion: The magnitude of undernutrition among the elderly is a public health issue. Independent predictors include educational status, morbidity, dietary diversity, and food insecurity. Intervention programs need to focus on the elderly's nutrition, access to healthy foods, and other health issues.

Magnitude of central obesity and associated factors among adults working in government offices in Bedele town, Buno Bedele zone, Southwest Ethiopia.

Objective: Central obesity is an emerging public health problem globally and an independent risk factor for heart, blood vessels, and metabolic disorder. This study aimed to assess the central obesity and associated factors among adults working in government offices in Bedele town, Southwest Ethiopia, 2021. Methods: An institutional survey was conducted among randomly selected government offices. Anthropometric measurements were carried out. Face-to-face interview using standard questionnaires were also used to collect data. A total of 403 respondents were selected from the list of public office workers employed in Bedele Town. Data were entered into Epi data 3.1 then exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Each variable with a p value less than 0.25 in the bivariate analysis was entered into logistic regression and p value 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The response rate was 373 respondents (92.6%). The overall prevalence of central obesity among public office workers of Bedele town was 54.7%. Sitting for more than 5 h at workplace adjusted odds ratio = 2.911 (95% confidence interval = 1.644, 5.156), being a female adjusted odds ratio = 3.258 (95% confidence interval = 1.744, 6.047), age range of 40-49 (adjusted odds ratio = 4.520, 95% confidence interval = 1.798, 11.363), age ⩾ 50 years (adjusted odds ratio = 5.907, 95% confidence interval = 1.808, 19.297), being physically inactive (adjusted odds ratio = 4.594, 95% confidence interval = 2.313, 9.125), consumption of snack (adjusted odds ratio = 4.521, 95% confidence interval = 2.583, 7.913), and alcohol consumption (adjusted odds ratio = 2.324 95% confidence interval = 1.210, 4.463) were factors significantly associated with central obesity among office workers in Bedele town. Conclusion: The magnitude of central obesity was high among office workers in Bedele town and being female gender, older age, physical inactivity, consumption of snacks, and alcohol were associated with it. Physical exercise and a healthy lifestyle should be promoted to minimize the problem.

Depression in Public Servants of Upper Egypt: Gender-specific Prevalence and Determining Factors.

Mental health disorders, including depression, cause more than half of worldwide disabilities. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression and determine its associated factors among Egyptian public servants. We collected data from 3134 subjects (1619 females and 1515 males) via a self-administered questionnaire, including the Center of Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale, medical history, sociodemographic, familial, occupational, and behavioral characteristics of the recruited Egyptian Public servants. We used logistic and linear regression models to assess the determinants of depression. The prevalence of depression was 43.5% (52.9% in females and 33.4% in males) among public servants. The past history of depression was a significant determining factor of depression; adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 95% confidence interval (CI) was 2.58 (1.87, 3.57) in females and 3.28 (2.20, 4.87) in males. Other determinants were daily working hours: aOR = 1.11 (1.02, 1.19) and high job demands: aOR = 2.19 (1.40-3.41) in males, and the high job control in females: aOR = 0.51 (0.36, 0.73). With the past history of depression, job demands, job control, family structure, education level, and working status of the spouse predicted 41% of the total variance in the CES-D score in females; R2 = 0.41; whereas job demands, family structure, job hours per day predicted 40% of in males; R2 = 0.40. In conclusion, the determinants of depression varied by gender. Governmental interventions aiming to improve the work environment (job demands, control, and working hours) and individual responsibilities to improve the living arrangement and education level could help to curb the emerging risk of depression.

Does Confucian culture affect public service motivation of grassroots public servants? Evidence from China.

Public service motivation contains distinctive cultural characteristics. Different cultural backgrounds shape public service motives with different connotations and levels. However, the traditional cultural values rooted in historical development and socialization process have not received enough attention in the research on public service motivation. In order to investigate the influence of Confucian culture based on Chinese scenes on public service motivation, in the current study we collected 1308 representative questionnaires from 12 cities in central and eastern China, and adopted the dual fixed effect model and moderating effect model to verify six hypotheses. The empirical results showed that Confucian culture has different effects on public service motivation from four dimensions, namely, attraction to politics and policy making (APP), commitment to public interest (CPI), compassion (COM), and self-sacrifice (SS). The paternalistic leadership plays a part in moderating the influence of Confucian culture on public service motivation. This study not only expands the cross-cultural applicability of the theory of public service motivation in non-western countries, but also supplements the evidence of research on public service motivation in East Asian countries. In practice, it is necessary for the organizations to consider the importance of specific cultural values for organizational culture and personal value orientation.

Can reminders improve adherence to regular physical activity and exercise recommendations in people over 60 years old? : A randomized controlled study.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to investigate whether additional reminders could enhance adherence to a 12-week program consisting of regular physical activity. METHODS: The study collective consisted of pensioners insured with the Austrian Insurance Fund for Civil or Public Servants. They were made aware of our program through the public service union. The subjects were randomized to an intervention group (group A) that received reminders and to a control group (group B) that did not receive such notifications. Adherence to physical activity was assessed by the use of diaries. RESULTS: Group A performed 96 min more moderate intensity regular physical activity per week than group B (group A median 269 min, r = 0-1560 min; group B median 173 min, r = 0-2700 min). The Mann-Whitney U-test showed no significant differences (p = 0.080) between the study groups. There was no difference in muscle strengthening activity (group A: median: 2, r = 0-13 sessions; group B: median: 2, r = 0-20 sessions). CONCLUSION: The major positive observation was that both the experimental and control group participants exceeded the recommended level of physical activity. Nevertheless, there were some differences concerning the minutes of physical activity performed in favor of the intervention group.

Burnout syndrome in public servants: prevalence and association with occupational stressors / Síndrome de burnout em funcionários públicos: prevalência e associação a estressores ocupacionais / Síndrome de burnout en funcionarios públicos: prevalencia y asociación a estresores ocupacionales

The objectives of this study were to identify the prevalence of Burnout Syndrome (BS) and the predictive power of occupational stressors for its dimensions - Enthusiasm toward the job (inverse), Psychological Exhaustion, Indolence and Guilt. This study assessed a random sample of 538 public servants from a State Court of Justice (RS/Brazil) who answered the Spanish Burnout Inventory, a sociodemographic questionnaire, a work-related questionnaire and and occupational stressors questionnaire. The prevalence identified was 6.5% for Profile 1 BS (Enthusiasm toward the job - inverse, Psychological Exhaustion, Indolence) and 4.4% for Profile 2 BS (Enthusiasm toward the job - inverse, Psychological Exhaustion, Indolence, Guilt). Stressors that predicted Burnout Syndrome were work content, work organization, type of public served, social environment of work, physical conditions of the workplace, work hours, workload, relationship with heads, and relationship with colleagues. Results suggest a need for intervention in occupational stressors present in work organization. (AU)

Os objetivos do estudo foram identificar a prevalência da Síndrome de Burnout (SB) e o poder preditivo dos estressores ocupacionais para as suas dimensões - Ilusão pelo trabalho (inversa), Desgaste Psíquico, Indolência e Culpa. Este estudo avaliou uma amostra aleatória de 538 servidores públicos de um tribunal de justiça (RS/Brasil) que responderam ao Spanish Burnout Inventory, um questionário sociodemográfico, um questionário de dados laborais e um questionário de estressores ocupacionais. A prevalência identificada foi de 6,5 % para SB-Perfil 1 (Ilusão pelo trabalho - inversa, Desgaste Psíquico, Indolência) e de 4,35% para SB-Perfil 2 (Ilusão pelo trabalho - inversa, Desgaste Psíquico, Indolência, Culpa). Os estressores que predisseram a Síndrome de Burnout foram o conteúdo do trabalho, a organização do trabalho, o tipo do público atendido, ambiente social do trabalho, as condições físicas do local de trabalho, o horário de trabalho, a carga horária, a relação com a chefia, e a relação com os colegas. Os resultados sugerem a necessidade de intervenção nos estressores ocupacionais presentes na organização do trabalho. (AU)

El objetivo del estudio fue identificar la prevalencia del síndrome de Burnout (SB) y el poder predictivo de los estresores ocupacionales para sus dimensiones - Ilusión por el trabajo (inversa), Desgaste Psíquico, Indolencia y Culpa. Ese estudio evaluó una muestra aleatoria de 538 funcionarios públicos de un tribunal de justicia (RS / Brasil) que respondieron el Spanish Burnout Inventory, un cuestionario sociodemográfico, un cuestionario de datos laborales y un cuestionario de estresores ocupacionales. La prevalencia identificada fue de 6,5% para SB Perfil 1 (Ilusión por el trabajo - inversa, Desgaste Psíquico, Indolencia) y de 4,35% para SB Perfil 2 (Ilusión por el trabajo-inversa, Desgaste Psíquico, Indolencia, Culpa). Los estresores que predijeron el síndrome de Burnout fueron: contenido de trabajo, organización de trabajo, tipo de público atendido, ambiente social de trabajo, condiciones físicas de local de trabajo, horario de trabajo, carga horaria, relación con los superiores y relación con los compañeros. Los resultados sugieren la necesidad de intervención en los estresores ocupacionales presentes en la organización del trabajo. (AU)

Prevalência de transtornos do humor e de ansiedade em servidores públicos afastados / Prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders in public servants away from work

Os transtornos do humor e de ansiedade destacam-se como causa de absenteísmo-doença. O objetivo deste artigo foi verificar a associação entre variáveis socioeconômicas e ocupacionais com as prevalências desses transtornos na população de servidores públicos catarinenses. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa com delineamento transversal, de abordagem descritiva e analítica. Verificou-se que 19,31% dos servidores (8.765 casos) esteve em licença para tratamento de saúde pelo menos uma vez no período analisado (2010-2013). Transtornos do humor e transtornos de ansiedade apresentaram respectivamente as prevalências de 11,08% e 7,62%. Nesses grupos, verificou-se associação com sexo, idade, estado civil, escolaridade, faixa salarial e tempo de serviço. Os resultados indicam a possibilidade de identificar preditores sociodemográficos e ocupacionais desses transtornos mentais nessa população. Abstract

Mood and anxiety disorders out as causes of absenteeism-disease. The objective of this article was to verify the association between socio demographic and occupational variables with the prevalence of these disorders, in the population of public servants in Santa Catarina. It is a quantitative research with a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical approach. It was verified that 19.31% of the total number of servers (8,765 cases) were on leave health treatment, at least once in the analyzed period (2010-2013). Mood disorders and anxiety disorders presented respectively prevalence of 11.08% e 7.62%. In these groups, there was an association with gender, age, marital status, schooling, salary range and length of service. The results indicate the possibility of identifying socio demographic and occupational predictors of these mental disorders in this population.

Realocação de servidores públicos ante um processo de terceirização: estudo de caso em um restaurante universitário de uma universidade pública brasileira / Reallocation of public servants due to an outsourcing process: a case study in a Brazilian public university restaurant

Resumo Objetivo: apresentar e analisar uma intervenção realizada para a realocação de servidores públicos, ocasionada por processo de terceirização das atividades operacionais de um restaurante universitário de uma universidade pública brasileira. Métodos: estudo qualitativo descritivo. Foram realizadas análise documental e organizacional, entrevistas semiestruturadas e aplicação do Índice de Capacidade do Trabalho com 33 funcionários, em 2016. Resultados: o levantamento de informações referentes ao estado de saúde dos funcionários e a análise das exigências físicas das tarefas prescritas nos cargos a serem assumidos possibilitou a adequação da realocação para as novas funções de forma a não prejudicar os trabalhadores que já apresentavam restrições médicas e de garantir novas funções compatíveis com a capacidade laboral dos trabalhadores deslocados e dos que permaneceram na atividade original reestruturada. Conclusão: o estudo mostrou que, antes de fazer uma realocação, é importante analisar e compreender o trabalho realizado pelo indivíduo e envolver todos os atores implicados no processo de adaptação às novas funções.

Abstract Objective: to present and analyze an intervention undertaken to plan the reallocation of public servants replaced by an outsourcing process in a Brazilian public university restaurant. Methods: qualitative and descriptive study. We performed documentary and organizational analysis, carried out semi-structured interviews, and applied the Work Ability Index, in 33 employees, in 2016. Results: the gathering of information regarding the workers' health status, and the analysis of the physical requirements for the envisaged tasks of the positions to be assumed, made it possible to adapt the reallocation to the new functions. It made also possible not to harm the displaced workers who already had medical restrictions, and ensure them with new functions that were compatible with their working ability, or to jeopardize the ones who remained in the original restructured activity. Conclusion: the study indicates that before carrying out reallocation it is important to analyse and understand the work produced by the individual and to involve all implicated actors in the adaptation process for the new roles.

Effects of Disaster Damage and Working Conditions on Mental Health Among Public Servants 16 Months After the Great East Japan Earthquake.

OBJECTIVE: To explore whether stressors after a disaster have later effects on the mental health of public servants who engage in disaster response and to estimate the proportion of those experiencing persistent mental distress. METHODS: We analyzed the data of health surveys conducted in Miyagi Prefecture for all prefectural public servants at 2, 7, and 16 months after the Great East Japan Earthquake (n=3174). We investigated relationships between mental distress (defined as K6≥10) at 16 months after the earthquake and earthquake damage and working conditions at 2 months. We also calculated the proportion of participants who scored K6≥10 on all 3 surveys. RESULTS: The experience of living someplace other than one's own home was significantly related with mental distress at 16 months after the earthquake. Few participants consistently scored K6≥10 throughout all 3 surveys. CONCLUSIONS: The effects of stressors in the aftermath of a disaster could remain for a long time. Few public servants experienced persistent mental distress. Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:622-630.

Avaliação dos afastamentos dos servidores públicos estaduais de Santa Catarina no período de 2010 a 2018 / Assessment of absences of state public servants in Santa Catarina from 2010 to 2018

O absenteísmo no trabalho manifesta-se de várias formas, sendo a Licença para Tratamento de Saúde o benefício mais concedido a servidores públicos estaduais catarinenses lotados na Secretaria da Saúde. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar causas destes afastamentos e a justificativa está na necessidade de maior entendimento destes dados/razões visando buscar nas políticas de prevenção a acidentes/adoecimento no ambiente laboral, maneiras de intervenção. A pesquisa é quantitativa, de caráter ecológico, exploratória em séries temporais. Os dados coletados no banco estadual SIGRH/SEA e tabulados no Programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), versão 22.0 para Windows indicam que servidores em licença são na maioria mulheres, 40-49 anos, cor branca, casados, com curso profissionalizante. Os capítulos CID 10, V ­ Transtornos Mentais e Comportamentais; XXI - Fatores que influenciam o estado de saúde e o contato com os serviços de saúde e; XIII ­ Doenças do Sistema Osteomuscular e do tecido conjuntivo apresentem mais afastamentos. Enfermagem e serviços gerais representam 51% dos afastamentos da amostra. Comparando o estudo a outros na mesma perspectiva, observa-se forte correlação adoecimento-trabalho e demonstram a necessidade e relevância de estudos/ações relativos à saúde do servidor público catarinense. Resumo outro idioma

The absenteeism in the work manifests itself in several ways, being the License for Health Treatment the most benefit granted to state public servants of Santa Catarina. the purpose of the study was to analyze the causes of these withdrawals and the justification is the need for a better understanding of these data / reasons aiming to seek in the policies of prevention to accidents / sickness in the work environment, ways of intervention. The research is quantitative, of ecological character, exploratory in time series. The data collected in the SIGRH / SEA state bank and tabulated in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 22.0 for Windows indicate that licence servers are mostly women, aged 40-49, white, married, with a vocational course. The chapters CID 10, V Mental and Behavioral Disorders; XXI - Factors that influence health status and contact with health services; XIII - Diseases of the Osteomuscular and Connective Tissue disorders present more absence. Nursing and general services account for 51% of departures from the sample. Comparing the study to others in the same perspective, it is observed strong correlation sickness work and demonstrate the need and relevance of studies / actions regarding the health of the public servant of Santa Catarina.

Fui aprovado em concurso público. E agora? Uma análise do prazer e sofrimento no trabalho dos analistas administrativos do Tribunal Regional Eleitoral do Maranhão / I have been approved in a public contest. And now? An analysis of the pleasure and suffering in the work of the administrative analysts of the Regional Electoral Court of Maranhão

Este artigo visa analisar a dinâmica prazer-sofrimento de analistas administrativos em um Tribunal Regional Eleitoral (TRE) diante dos modos de organização do trabalho. A pesquisa desenvolveu uma metodologia de caráter qualitativo, realizando entrevistas semiestruturadas com roteiro predefinido. Observou-se que o modelo de organização do trabalho vigente propicia o surgimento de estratégias defensivas, de sofrimento e, possivelmente, de menor engajamento e mobilização. No entanto, mesmo diante desse contexto, os servidores vivenciam prazer quando atingem resultados práticos em seu trabalho ou são reconhecidos socialmente. Essa pesquisa contribui para identificar aspectos que podem ser trabalhados visando melhorar a organização, com subsídios para análise, debate e busca de alternativas de melhoria da ação dos trabalhadores, da sua saúde e do próprio TRE/MA.

This article aims to analyze the dynamic pleasure-suffering of administrative analysts in a Regional Electoral Court regarding the ways of organizing work. The research developed a methodology of qualitative character, performing semi-structured interviews with predefined itinerary. It was observed that the current work organization model favors the emergence of defensive strategies, of suffering and, possibly, of less engagement and mobilization. However, even in this context public servants experience pleasure when they achieve practical results in their work or are socially recognized. This research contributes to identify aspects that can be worked to improve the organization, with subsidies for analysis, debate and search for alternatives to improve workers' action, their health and the TRE/MA itself.

Níveis de estresse e apoio social em servidores públicos de serviços socioassistenciais de alta complexidade / Levels of stress and social support in public servants of high-complexity social assistance services

Este estudo objetivou verificar níveis de estresse e percepção de apoio social em servidores públicos (SP) dos serviços de alta complexidade da Secretaria Municipal da Família, Cidadania e Assistência Social de um município na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre-RS. É um estudo descritivo, quantitativo, transversal, realizado por meio de aplicação de um questionário estruturado para caracterização da amostra, do Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de Lipp (ISSL) e da Escala de Satisfação com o Suporte Social (ESSS). Participaram da pesquisa 78 servidores públicos, dos quais 73,1% são do sexo feminino, 53,9% possuem nível superior (completo ou incompleto), e 62,8% são de cargo de cuidador. A fase mais frequente do ISSL foi a de resistência (56,4%), com sintomatologia psicológica prevalente (47,1%). O suporte social percebido, em média, é alto (51,3%), tendo associação negativa com as fases do estresse, bem como os níveis de estresse com o tempo no cargo. Conclui-se que é necessário um olhar preventivo à saúde do SP, podendo o estresse ser indicador patológico para saúde deste trabalhador, e o suporte social preditor da saúde na regulação do estresse.(AU)

This study aimed to verify levels of stress and perception of social support among public servants (PS) who work at highly complex services of the Municipal Department of Family, Citizenship and Social Assistance in Porto Alegre (RS) metropolitan region. It is a descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional study, carried out by applying a structured questionnaire to characterize the sample, the Lipp Adult Stress Symptom Inventory (LSSI) and the Social Support Satisfaction Scale (SSSS). 78 public servants participated in the research, 73.1% of them are of female sex, 53.9% have complete or incomplete higher education, and 62.8% work as caretakers. The most frequent phase of LSSI was resistance (56,4%), with prevalent psychological symptomatology (47,1%). Social support perceived was, on average, high (51,3%), having negative association with stress phases, as well as stress levels due to the time in the post. It is concluded that a preventive approach towards SP`s health is necessary, considering stress as a pathological indicator of the workers' health, and social support as a means of regulating stress.(AU)

Composição do Gabinete e a Criação de Burocracias Públicas Centralizadas na Presidência da República no Brasil / Composition of the Cabinet and the Creation of Centralized Public Bureaucracies in the Brazilian Presidency / Composition du Gouvernement et la Création de Bureaucraties Publiques Centralisées au Niveau des Services de la Présidence au Brésil / Composición del Gabinete y la Creación de Burocracias Públicas Centralizadas en la Presidencia de la República en Brasil

RESUMO O propósito deste artigo é analisar como a composição dos gabinetes afeta a criação de burocracias centralizadas na Presidência da República no Brasil. Argumento que quanto maior o custo de gerenciamento da coalizão, maior a probabilidade de centralização dos órgãos públicos na Presidência da República. No estudo, são analisados 172 órgãos criados na administração pública federal brasileira entre 1990 e 2009, tendo o órgão individual como unidade de análise do trabalho. A fim de captar a incidência de centralização na criação presidencial, assumo o órgão criado na hierarquia da Presidência ou realocado dos ministérios para a Presidência como variável dependente binária. Para avaliar os efeitos do grau de conflitos de preferências da coalizão sobre a probabilidade de centralização presidencial, foram estimados quatro modelos de regressão logística binária. As incidências da dispersão ideológica do gabinete; do grau de partidarização da coalizão; da fracionalização partidária do gabinete e do extremismo ideológico do presidente serão analisadas como fatores centrais da análise.

ABSTRACT The aim of the following article is to analyze how the composition of the cabinets affects the creation of centralized bureaucracies in the Presidency of the Republic of Brazil. I argue that the higher the cost of managing the coalition, the greater the likelihood of the centralization of public bodies in the Presidency. The study analyzes 172 bodies created by the Brazilian federal public administration from 1990 to 2009, with individual bodies serving as the unit of analysis. With the aim of gauging the extent to which centralization shapes the Presidency, my binary dependent variable is whether a body created within the hierarchy of the Presidency or reallocated from the ministries to the Presidency. In order to assess the effects of the degree of conflicts among the coalition's preferences on the probability of presidential centralization, four binary logistic regression models were estimated, with the degree of ideological dispersion in the cabinet; the degree of politicization in the coalition; the degree of party fractionalization in the cabinet, and the degree of ideological extremism analyzed as key factors to the study.

RÉSUMÉ L'objectif de cet article est d'analyser de quelle manière la composition des gouvernements affecte la création de bureaucraties centralisées au sein des services de la Présidence de la république au Brésil. Selon notre étude, plus le coût de gestion de la coalition est élevé, plus on a de chances d'assister à une centralisation des organismes publics au sein des services de la Présidence. Nous avons analysé 172 organismes créés par l'administration publique fédérale brésilienne entre 1990 et 2009, en prenant l'organisme lui-même comme unité d'analyse. Afin de comprendre l'incidence de la centralisation dans la création d'organismes par les services présidentiels, je prendrai comme variable dépendante binaire l'organisme créé au sein de la hiérarchie présidentielle ou déplacé des ministères à la Présidence. Pour évaluer les effets du degré de conflit des préférences de la coalition sur la probabilité de centralisation présidentielle, on a pris en compte quatre modèles de régression logistique binaire, dont les facteurs centraux d'analyse seront les incidences de la dispersion idéologique du gouvernement; du degré de concentration partisane de la coalition; de l'éclatement partisan du gouvernement; et de l'extrémisme idéologique du président.

RESUMEN El propósito de este artículo es analizar la forma en que la composición de los gabinetes influye en la creación de burocracias centralizadas en la Presidencia de la República de Brasil. Cuanto más altos son los costes administrativos de la coalición, mayor es la probabilidad de centralización de los órganos públicos en la Presidencia de la República. En este estudio, se analizan 172 órganos creados en el seno de la administración pública federal brasileña entre 1990 y 2009, y se toma el órgano individual como objeto de investigación. Con intención de captar la incidencia de la centralización en la creación de organismos de carácter presidencial, asumo como variable dependiente binaria el órgano conformado en la jerarquía de la Presidencia o reasignado de los ministerios a ella. Para evaluar los efectos del grado de conflictos de preferencias de la coalición en la probabilidad de centralización presidencial, se recurrió a cuatro modelos de regresión logística binaria. Las repercusiones de la dispersión ideológica del gabinete, del grado de partidismo de la coalición, del fraccionamiento partidario del gabinete y del extremismo ideológico del presidente serán analizadas como factores centrales del estudio.

The prevalence and adverse profiles of fatty liver disease among different ethnic public servants in Urumqi of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in China.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this survey was to confirm the prevalence and adverse profiles of fatty liver disease among different ethnic public servants in Urumqi of Xinjiang. METHODS: The cross-sectional study were implemented among serving and retired public servants who participated in the annual physical check-up including abdominal ultrasonography from April 2012 to April 2013 at the health promotion center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University in Urumqi. The information including questionnaires, anthropometric indexes and biochemical profiles were collected to analyze. RESULTS: There were 46612 individuals ranging from 20 to 93 years of age included in the analysis. There were 39120 of Han, 4148 of Uygur, 877 of Kazakh, 2098 of Hui, and 369 of other ethnic groups. The prevalence of FLD in total, Han, Hui, Uygur, Kazakh and other ethnic group were 32.0%, 31.2%, 31.5%, 39.3%, 36.4% and 32.8%. Uygur was significantly higher than the other ethnic groups both male and female (P < 0.01) and male was higher than female regardless of ethnicity (P < 0.01). FLD co-exiting with DM, hypertension, obesity, overweight and dysliplidemia (especially for hypertriglyceridemia) were common and distribution of these diseases were significantly different among various ethnicity (P < 0.01). Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that there were different in adverse factors including age, gender, DM, obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension of FLD among ethnicity and obesity having higher OR value in each ethnic group can be as predictive index of FLD. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of FLD is present among public servants in Urumqi of Xinjiang, China. The prevalence of FLD is significantly different in different ethnic groups and genders. Distributions of adverse factors are disparate in different ethnicity. Comprehensive strategies for the prevention and treatment of FLD should be explored basing on the ethnic differences.

Serviço público: significados e sentidos de um trabalho em mutação / Public Service: meanings and senses of an evolving labor

Neste artigo propomos uma discussão que se situa no campo temático de articulação entre Psicologia e Trabalho. O objetivo foi discutir os sentidos e significados que os servidores públicos atribuem ao trabalho. Para tanto, a análise foi embasada em dados de uma pesquisa de campo com 30 servidores públicos federais que atuam em uma instituição de ensino técnico e tecnológico, e em referenciais teóricos que tratam da centralidade do trabalho e das especificidades dos processos de trabalho no setor de serviços. Os resultados revelam a importância do trabalho na estruturação material e simbólica da vida dos servidores, sendo que os sentidos a ele atribuídos estão relacionados ao provimento da sobrevivência, à (re)produção de valores sociais como autonomia e independência, à integração social, à realização pessoal e sentido existencial. A análise dessa dimensão subjetiva do trabalho também possibilitou dimensionar a importância da atenção à saúde desses trabalhadores em tempos de profundas mudanças no setor público.(AU)

In this paper we propose a discussion that lies within the thematic field of the articulation between Psychology and Work. The aim was to discuss the meanings and senses that public servants attribute to work. To this end, the analysis was based on data from a field study with 30 federal civil servants who work in an institution of technical and technological education, and on theoretical frameworks that address the centrality of work and the specifics of the work processes in the service sector. The results reveal the importance of work in the structuring of the servants' material and symbolic lives, and that the meanings attributed to it are related to the provision of survival, the (re)production of social values, such as autonomy and independence, social integration, personal fulfillment and existential meaning. The analysis of this subjective dimension of work also allowed the assessment of the importance of caring about these worker's health in these times of deep changes in the public sector.(AU)

Serviço público: significados e sentidos de um trabalho em mutação / Public Service: meanings and senses of an evolving labor

Neste artigo propomos uma discussão que se situa no campo temático de articulação entre Psicologia e Trabalho. O objetivo foi discutir os sentidos e significados que os servidores públicos atribuem ao trabalho. Para tanto, a análise foi embasada em dados de uma pesquisa de campo com 30 servidores públicos federais que atuam em uma instituição de ensino técnico e tecnológico, e em referenciais teóricos que tratam da centralidade do trabalho e das especificidades dos processos de trabalho no setor de serviços. Os resultados revelam a importância do trabalho na estruturação material e simbólica da vida dos servidores, sendo que os sentidos a ele atribuídos estão relacionados ao provimento da sobrevivência, à (re)produção de valores sociais como autonomia e independência, à integração social, à realização pessoal e sentido existencial. A análise dessa dimensão subjetiva do trabalho também possibilitou dimensionar a importância da atenção à saúde desses trabalhadores em tempos de profundas mudanças no setor público...

In this paper we propose a discussion that lies within the thematic field of the articulation between Psychology and Work. The aim was to discuss the meanings and senses that public servants attribute to work. To this end, the analysis was based on data from a field study with 30 federal civil servants who work in an institution of technical and technological education, and on theoretical frameworks that address the centrality of work and the specifics of the work processes in the service sector. The results reveal the importance of work in the structuring of the servants' material and symbolic lives, and that the meanings attributed to it are related to the provision of survival, the (re)production of social values, such as autonomy and independence, social integration, personal fulfillment and existential meaning. The analysis of this subjective dimension of work also allowed the assessment of the importance of caring about these worker's health in these times of deep changes in the public sector...

Bases de poder social, engajamento no trabalho e resiliência: um estudo com servidores públicos municipais de Diadema - SP / Bases of social power, engagement in works and resilience a study with public servants of municipal Diadema São Paulo

Este estudo teve a intenção de analisar até que ponto o uso de diferentes bases de poder dos superiores hierárquicos predizem os níveis de engajamento no trabalho e de resiliência dos trabalhadores, colaborando para aumentar o conhecimento sobre o comportamento dos servidores públicos municipais, quanto aos níveis de engajamento no trabalho e resiliência apresentados. Partiu-se da definição de poder de French e Raven (1959): poder é a influência potencial que o agente O poderia causar no sujeito P; adotou-se o conceito de engajamento no trabalho de Schaufeli e Bakker (2003), que definem engajamento no trabalho como um construto motivacional positivo, caracterizado por vigor, dedicação e absorção, sempre relacionado ao trabalho, o qual implica sentimento de realização, envolve estado cognitivo positivo, é persistente no tempo, apresentando, assim, natureza motivacional e social e por fim utilizou-se o conceito de Grotberg (2005) que define resiliência como a “capacidade humana para enfrentar, vencer e ser fortalecido ou transformado por experiências de adversidades”. Para isto, definiu-se como objetivo geral testar a capacidade preditiva das bases de poder social dos chefes sobre a resiliência e o engajamento no trabalho, em servidores públicos municipais de Diadema - SP. Participaram deste estudo 95 servidores públicos municipais do município de Diadema, SP, com pequena maioria de indivíduos do sexo feminino (51,6%), com maior percentual de idade entre 25 e 40 anos (38,9%). A maioria dos participantes (60%) declarou possuir nível superior completo (35,8%) ou pós-graduação (24,2%). Utilizou-se os instrumentos: Escala de Bases de Poder do Supervisor (EBPS), escala desenvolvida por Martins e Guimarães (2007); Escala de Avaliação da Resiliência (EAR), escala construída por Martins, Siqueira e Emilio (2011) e a Escala de Engajamento no Trabalho de UTRECHT (UWES) que tiveram seus indicadores de validade e fidedignidade apurados neste estudo. ...(AU)

This study intended to analyze to what point the use of different power bases of hierarchical superiors predict the levels of engagement at work and the resilience of workers, contributing to increase the knowledge about the behavior of municipal civil servants as to the levels of engagement at work and resilience presented. Started from the definition of power from French e Raven (1959): power is the potential influence that the agent O could cause on subject P; it was adopted the concept of engagement at work from Schaufeli and Bakker (2003), that define engagement at work as a positive motivational construct, characterized by vigor, dedication and absorption, always related to work, what implies a feeling of accomplishment, involves positive cognitive state, is persistent in time, presenting, that way, motivational and social nature, and at last, used the concept of Grotberg (2005) that defined resilience as the “human capacity to face, overcome, and even be strengthened by experiences of adversity”. For that, it was defined as the general goal to test the predictive capacity of the social power bases of bosses over the resilience and the engagement at work in municipal civil servants of Diadema – SP. Participated on this study 95 municipal civil servants of the Diadema City, SP, with a small majority of feminine individuals (51,6%), with larger percentage of age between 25 and 40 years old (38,9%). The majority of participants (60%) declared to have a completed superior education (39,9%) or post-graduation (24,2%). The instruments used were: Bases Scale of Power of Supervisors (EBPS – Escala de Bases de Poder do Supervisor), scale developed by Martins and Guimarães (2007); Resilience Evaluation Scale (EAR – Escala de Avaliação da Relisiência), scale formed by Martins, Siqueira and Emilio (2011) and the UTRECHT Work Engagement Scale (UWES) that had their indicators of validity and dependability refined on this study. ...(AU)